physics point

                      Properties of Nucleus_- I I-Nuclear angular momentum L- Nuclear orbital angular moment S- Nuclear spin   angular momentum Angular momentum - angular momentum of a nucleus is a constant quantity because nucleus being an isolated system i.e. the external torque is equal to zero. I represent angular momentum quantum number. The eigen values of the square of the angular momentum operator are I(I+1) in the unit of ℏ   Î 2 Ψ = I(I+1) ℏ 2 Ψ I z is the Z- component of total angular momentum Î z Ψ = m ℏ Ψ, m is the eigen values of Î z , m ℏ is the Z component of angular momentum. both have common eigen function [   Î 2  , Î z  ] Total angular momentum (I) =  ℏ✓{I(I+1)} For a given value of I, m can take 2I+1 values from +I to –I I is not only integer but half integer i.e. I= 0, 1/2, 1, 3/2 ….. Half integer v...

Nucleus: Atomic nucleus is a bound quantum system. It can exist in different quantum states characterised by energies, angular etc. The lowest energy state is called the ground state and its properties in ground state are termed as static properties. The dynamic of nuclei are exhibited in the process of nuclear decay, nuclear reactions, fission, fusion. The nucleus of an atom is made of the elementary particles, protons and neutrons. The protons and neutrons are held together by a very strong short range attractive force as nuclear interaction. The nucleus is identified by number of protons (Z = atomic number) and number of nucleons (A = mass number). The number of neutrons N = A-Z. ( 𝐴 𝑍 𝑋 𝑁 ) Isotopes: Nuclides having same number of Z but different N and hence A. ex- 1 1 𝐻 and 2 1 𝐻 Isotones: Nuclides having same number of neutrons N but different Z and A. 13 6 𝐶 and 14 7 𝑁 are isotones with N=7. Isobars: Nuclides having same number of A (mass number) but differen...