physics point

 

  Electric moment of nuclei:   Atomic nucleus is a positively charged body of finite dimensional. The potential φ (r, θ) due to azimuthally symmetric distribution of charges can be expanded in ascending power of 1/r where r is the distance of the point from the origin of the co-ordinate nucleus.   Where 𝑃 𝑛 ’s are the Legendre polynomial of different order.   The first term in the expansion corresponds to potential due to an electric monopole which is point charge +Ze, Z being the atomic number. The second term in the expansion corresponds to the potential due to an electric dipole which turns out to be zero. Since the protons are distributed through out the volume, the electric dipole moment (p=Zed) of the nucleus in its ground state vanishes. This hold good for all odd orders( i.e. octupole moment) which are all zero for nucleus.    The third term in the expansion corresponds to the potential due to the electric quadrupole moment Q of the cy...